Introduction to Masonry Ties

In the intricate world of construction, where every element plays a crucial role in ensuring the stability and longevity of a structure, masonry ties often remain in the shadows, unnoticed by many. However, these humble components are the unsung heroes that bind masonry walls together, providing essential structural integrity and resistance against lateral forces.

Uses of Masonry Ties

Connection: Masonry ties connect multiple wythes of masonry or masonry veneers to a structural backing system, ensuring a solid bond between different layers of the wall .

Load Transfer: They are designed to transfer lateral loads, such as those caused by wind or seismic activity, from the veneer to the main structure .

Differential Movement: Ties permit in-plane movement to accommodate differential settlements or thermal expansions without causing damage to the masonry .

Benefits of Masonry Ties

Structural Integrity: By connecting different components of the wall, masonry ties prevent separation and enhance the overall load-bearing capacity of the structure .

Resistance to Environmental Forces: They help resist forces such as wind loads and seismic activity, which can otherwise lead to shifting or collapse of the brickwork .

Prevention of Cracks and Bulges: Masonry ties play a vital role in preventing cracks and bulges that can result from thermal expansion and contraction .

Types of Masonry Ties

Unit Ties: These include rectangular "box" ties, "Z" ties, and corrugated ties, used to bond walls constructed of two or more masonry wythes .

Continuous Horizontal Joint Reinforcement: Common configurations include ladder, truss, and tab types, used in multi-wythe solid walls and masonry cavity walls .

Adjustable Ties: These allow for adjustments to accommodate construction tolerances and are used in various backing systems including steel, concrete, and stud .

Dovetail Anchors: These fit into horizontal mortar joints, providing a secure connection, especially in veneer walls over wood frame construction .

Installation and Design Considerations of Masonry Ties

- The installation process involves securely attaching masonry ties to the structure and ensuring proper spacing to provide adequate support .

- The selection and specification of wall tie systems should consider tie configuration, detailing, structural performance, and corrosion resistance .

- For brick walls, the general rule is to have at least one masonry tie per every 2.67 square feet (0.25 square meters) of wall area, with specific spacing requirements depending on the type of tie used .

Masonry ties are essential for the structural performance and safety of masonry walls. They provide a connection between different wall components, transfer loads, and accommodate movement, thereby enhancing the durability and resilience of masonry structures. Proper selection, specification, and installation of the appropriate type of tie are crucial for achieving the desired level of performance .